Pro-Life Teaching for Children

Earlier today on an e-mail discussion list, someone raised some questions about the best ways to spread a pro-life message, especially to a younger audience. I e-mailed a response to part of the question, suggesting the way that I would want to address a pro-life message to children. Since e-mailing it, I have been thinking about the issue a bit more and would be interested to have the input of a wider group. I would love to know what approaches the readers of this blog have found most helpful in this area and which approaches they would avoid.

The following are some of my hastily assembled thoughts from the e-mail:

Particularly when reaching a younger audience, I wonder whether it wouldn’t be better to leave the issue of abortion completely to the side. Ultimately, we only stand against abortion, because we stand for other things.

If I were trying to reach a young audience, I would try to focus almost entirely upon this positive message and even go to lengths to avoid introducing abortion into the conversation. I would want them to see for themselves the preciousness and wonder of life in its most fragile forms (a video like this is a perfect example of the sort of message that I would want to expose them to). I would want them to become sensitized to the needs of pregnant mothers and to the ways in which they and their communities can support such women. I would want to give them a very positive message about the value of marriage and the good ends of their sexuality. I would want to teach them how to attend to the ‘least’ in their communities in a way that would make them recognize when vulnerable parties are suffering as the escape valve for the tension of our injustices. I would always want to relate things to the concrete lives of their communities, rather than to abstract ‘issues’ or political conflicts. I would want to expose them to Christian examples of fatherhood and motherhood, who could explain the character of those vocations in a realistic but compelling manner. I would want to usher them into a realization of their own value as creatures made in God’s image and what it means to ‘nourish and cherish’ one’s own flesh, whatever its form or appearance. I would want to give them a deep sense of God’s delight in and concern for his creation, his grace and forgiveness, his profound goodness, expansive welcome, and the way that he wants us to be the ministers of these things to others.

I have blogged on the subject of abortion before. It is an issue that I would like to address in much closer detail at some point in the longer term future, from a range of different theological angles. At this point, however, I would love to hear from you. Which approaches have been most successful in your experience? How have you taught ‘pro-life’ values to your children? Are there any organizations whose work and example you would especially commend in this area?

Posted in Culture, Ethics, Society | 10 Comments

‘Year of Biblical Womanhood’ Review – Part 4

After considerable delay over the Christmas and New Year period, this is the fourth part of the podcast review and discussion of Rachel Held Evans’s A Year of Biblical Womanhood, in which we discuss the final three chapters of the book. If you haven’t done so already, you might want to listen to the first three parts: here, here, and here.

Listen here!

Listen to the other parts of the review here: Part 1Part 2Part 3Part 5

Posted in Audio, Bible, Controversies, Guest Post, My Reading, Reviews, Theological | 6 Comments

Pictures from the Christmas Period

This gallery contains 26 photos.

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A Look Back at 2012 on Alastair’s Adversaria

At the beginning of 2013, I am going to follow the example of a number of other blogs out there and post a retrospective piece on the year that has past. Scanning back through the list of posts from the last year, I thought that I would post a selection of links to old posts that I have posted here or elsewhere, especially those which have received less attention.

2012 began with a flurry of posting. Opening the year with a piece on the new covenant and New Year’s resolutions, I posted a series of lengthy posts in my series of summaries of the theology of Louis Marie Chauvet’s work, Symbol and Sacrament, a seminal book which I found both fascinating and tremendously stimulating. Chauvet seeks to explore the subject of the sacraments in dialogue with philosophers such as Heidegger. While I disagree with Chauvet at a number of key points, his fundamental project is compelling and worthy of extensive engagement. Continuing with lengthy book summaries, I posted a six part summary of and engagement with Edwin Friedman’s, A Failure of Nerve, a book which tackles the subject of effective leadership. While the book is seriously flawed in a number of respects, it presents an approach to leadership that I have found illuminating in several areas to which I have applied its insights.

Later on in the year, I began an experiment in book reviewing and/or engagement, which is still ongoing, though progressing rather slowly. I have posted on Oh Holy Night: The Peace of 1914, and a lengthy audio engagement with Rachel Held Evans’ A Year of Biblical Womanhood is continuing (and soon to be completed). Take a look at my reviewing wishlist to see whether there is any book that you would like me to review.

During the year I posted on a very varied range of topics, including the following: tattoos and body modification, eating and human nature, introversion, clothing and modesty, being unromantic on St Valentine’s Day, how to become a popular blogger, the institution of marriage, procreation, and same-sex marriage, the Church and social media and the problem of information addiction, and an argument in support of chastity. I asked whether our religion could be summed up as ‘kindness’ and argued for the need to ‘tarry with the tragic’. My post on the dynamics of offense in discourse was even mentioned in the American Conservative.

There were various biblical theological posts over the year. I posted on sex and the threshing floor, on the fighting shepherds of Scripture, on the whore and the Bible, on finding joy in the vapour of Ecclesiastes, on whether YHWH is a war criminal, and on Pentecost, prophetic investiture, and the Church’s mission. The relatively paucity of biblical theological posts is something that I would like to see rectified this year, especially as it is my primary area of interest.

There were a number of interactions with evangelicalism over the course of the year. In February I asked what is wrong with the evangelical gospel and how we might go about articulating a better alternative. Later on in the year I posted a lengthy series of posts seeking to question the identity of evangelicalism and suggesting that we might need to move away from the movement.

A few people gave me the opportunity to guest post over the course of the year. Andrew Finden at A Borrowed Flame posted my two part article on Scripture as Performance. As part of a series of guest posts, Tanya Marlow hosted a more personal piece of mine on the subject of discovering the absence of God. In June I wrote an article for The Media Res on pornography and the Song of Songs. More recently, Matthew Lee Anderson of Mere Orthodoxy invited me to post a piece on American politics through the eyes of a British observer, a piece which I introduced with another post on my own blog.

The year included visits to and lots of photos at such places as London, Bishop Auckland, York, North Wales and the Beamish Museum, the Lake District and Bamburgh, and a few memorable days here in Durham. The highlight of the year was a lengthy visit to the US, which I recounted in detail in three posts. It was a year in which I completed several craft projects, including a number of scarves, a couple of snoods, a knitted bag, some shockingly pink legwarmers, and several creations for Christmas, including a Tardis themed cake. Over the year I have also had the privilege of finally meeting several online and blogging friends, many of whom I have known for several years or more, including Joel Garver, Paul Duggan, Andrew Fulford, Daniel Stoddart, Matthew Mason, and over the last couple of days, Brad Littlejohn and Byron Smith.

What subjects do you think that I should blog on in 2013?

Posted in Guest Post, My Doings, Uncategorized | 17 Comments

Is Our Religion Kindness?

A statement from the Dalai Lama appeared several times in my Twitter feed this afternoon: “My religion is very simple. My religion is kindness.” Several people have expressed their belief that Christianity could do well starting from the same point.

I am not so sure.

At the outset, I should point out my dislike for attempts to sum up religion in such simple aphorisms. If Christian faith can be summed up, it is summed up in a person and a story, not in a single virtue, metaphysical belief, or teaching of some wise master. I am not aware of the original context of the Dalai Lama’s remarks, so don’t know whether he was attempting to do this or not, although such an aphoristic style is certainly the preferred form of much Western Buddhism.

While there are undoubtedly statements in Scripture that could be abstracted from context and treated in such a manner, such an employment of the biblical text is not consistent with the general form and tenor of biblical and Christian teaching. In stark contrast to many other religious texts, not least the gnostic ‘gospels’, the canonical gospels are not focused on aphoristic truths, but on a concrete and particular narrative of a Person. Christian religion grows out of a particular historical narrative, is about following Jesus of Nazareth, in whom the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob reveals himself to mankind, and awaiting and working towards his return in glory.

The virtue of kindness is highly valued in Christian practice: it is characteristic of both God’s saving action towards mankind and of the Christ-like character that he is forming in his people. However, making kindness programmatic for Christian religion in the way that the use of the Dalai Lama quote suggests is not a position that I can get behind.

The chief reason for this reluctance on my part arises from my conviction that such an elevation of ‘kindness’ will necessarily tend to occlude certain other virtues that are essential to Christian religion, and probably far more programmatic.

Rosenstock-Huessy has suggested that life operates on four different axes – inward, outward, forward, backward. While this model might be challenged, questioned, and honed in certain respects, I think that it has enough heuristic merit to serve my purposes here. Each of the axes names a different set of relations and the goods, virtues, and modes of activity appropriate to them. For instance, the backward axis can name our relationship with the past. The breakdown of this relationship takes the form of revolution: its maintenance involves respect for tradition and honour for our parents.

The virtue of kindness operates primarily on the inward axis, an axis that values harmony, unity, togetherness, consensus, holism, and a lack of conflict, discord, or disagreement. Buddhist teaching in general, certainly in its Western forms, tends to elevate this inward axis, often questioning the place given to the outward axis.

However, while Christianity has a strong emphasis on the inward axis (e.g. Colossians 3:1-17), there is no less of a strong emphasis upon an outward axis. The outward axis relates us to a realm of otherness, where unity and harmony are not our primary principles of operation.

The Christian elevation of this outward axis shapes our faith and practice in many differing ways. Notions of otherness and non-unity hold a very important place in Christian thought, whether in the Creator-creature distinction, the moral opposition between good and evil, or in the particularism inherent in the Christian understanding of salvation. Whereas a religion built around the inward axis will focus upon such things as non-violence, harmony, and unity above all else, a religion that elevates the outward axis will be far more confrontational and oppositional in its character.

Christian morality, for instance, is not articulated primarily around inner principles of oneness and harmony, but around concepts of truth, justice, and righteousness that are established outside of us by another party, to which we must submit, conform ourselves, and seek to advance within our world. Christianity’s strong inward axis never displaces this. The pronounced outward axis of Christianity presents us with a personal God who stands over against us, a God who is Creator, Lord, Ruler, Judge, Sovereign, Law-giver, who represents and presents us with objective, public, and external standards of truth and morality from without.

This emphasis upon an outward axis means that Christian virtues can have much more of an antagonistic or confrontational cast to them. While an extreme privileging of the inward axis can produce a disengaged quietist tendency and a proneness to inaction, the outward axis is one of engagement, opposition, confrontation, and challenge: it is active, assertive, and even ‘violent’.

It is the risk of losing sight of the importance of this outward axis in Christian thought that concerns me in the suggestion that Christian religion could be summed up in ‘kindness’. Without wanting to displace the inner axis, we need to assert that Christian religion produces oppositions, antagonisms, and antitheses, often where they did not exist before. Christ came, not to bring peace but a sword, to disrupt unity and the harmony of the family and nation, to turn the world upside down. Christ came to overcome the oppressors and set the captives free, to bring down the mighty and raise up the poor, to bring justice and to set the creation to rights.

A religion that truly follows Christ will often appear unkind. It will confront wickedness and evil. It will differentiate and divide. It will be intolerant in areas where conventional morality calls for tolerance. It will denounce oppression and aggressively pursue justice. It will speak out against the pet sins of societies and individuals in stark terms. It will uphold objective and public truths that are resistant to individual desires. It will turn societies upside down. It is often martial in its cast, eschewing the possibility of neutrality and calling all to take a side, provoking decision and the conflict that results from this. Such a religion will frequently step on toes, put people’s noses out of joint, unsettle the world, outrage the powers that be, be disliked and seen as offensive, and intrude into other’s supposed territory: it will, like its Master, be eminently crucifiable.

While Christian religion must also be kind, in making such a virtue programmatic we risk neglecting this outward axis. We risk producing a sort of religion whose presence the world can easily tolerate, a sort of religion that is not proactive in seeking justice, pursuing and teaching righteousness, confronting the powers, and speaking out against evil. Such a religion would make few firm claims to objective truth, nor declare the claims that our Creator has upon his creation, our behaviour, or our societies, such claims displaced by a ‘gospel’ of non-confrontational, tolerant, and passive interiority.

Posted in Ethics, Theological | 14 Comments

A Blessed Christmas!

Rubens - Adoration of the Shepherds“Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men.”

A joyful and blessed Christmas to you all

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Steven Wedgeworth and Peter Escalante on the Two Kingdoms and Natural Law Debate

Things will probably be rather quiet here over the next week. However, over on The Calvinist International there is a vigorous discussion of the subject of natural law and two kingdoms theology. You might want to take a look.

Opposite the faux-2K writers are their twins, against whom the faux-2K define themselves:  the legalists who haven’t given up on the idea of supplanting the prudential magistracy and the ambition of creating a moralizing police state, do have an argument, based on divine positive law, and they are willing to press it. They have no possibility of ever winning with it, however, because of the principles they share with their opponents, and the overwhelming strength of modern society which is opposed to them. They cling to a law and a mode of obedience which has no force in Christ, and too, their anti-covenantal (for all their talk of covenant) individualist politics, derived from the Austrian School which denies the classical Christian ideas of the common good and the State, places all its hopes entirely either in fast or slow burn populist apocalypse, in “decisive” revolutions or referenda always just a day away. This puts them decidedly outside of the political order and into the realm of fantasy-based demagoguery destined always to fail in real life. In the end, they unwittingly wind up as useful idiots for the cause of crony capitalism and its secularist civic program.

Between these two are caught a great many evangelicals, whose instincts are sound, and have intuited or reasoned their way into an approach which might be called, following Dr Hunter, “faithful presence,” a stance articulated sincerely but very vaguely by many of those inspired by Dr. Keller of Redeemer Church in Manhattan.  So too there are the moderate disciples of Kuyper and Bavinck, beginning with an understanding of common grace and the universal Kingship of Christ and continuing to work out their view from there.  And we should say that fine work is currently being done with the translation and publication of Kuyper and Bavinck’s writings on politics, though the fact that this has taken so long shows they have not yet been able to disciple very many American Evangelicals.  The hearts of all these people are definitely in the right place, and their heads are earnestly awaiting a sharper articulation of principles. And so, to us.

Read the whole post here. Well worth engaging with, wherever you fall in these debates.

Posted in Controversies, On the web, Politics, Society, The Blogosphere, Theological, Theology | Leave a comment

Book Review: ‘Oh Holy Night: The Peace of 1914’

In response to my current focus on book reviewing, Michael Snow kindly sent me a copy of his book, Oh Holy Night: The Peace of 1914. It is a popular-level and short book (one could read it from cover to cover in an hour and a half), with pen and ink illustrations. It tells the story of the temporary cessation of hostilities on the Western Front during the First World War on Christmas Day in 1914. The history of this incredible event is primarily recounted in the many moving letters home from the trenches that Snow has selected. He discusses the fierce official resistance that existed to such a truce in some quarters. The event is viewed in the larger context of the abortive attempts to prevent Europe from sliding into the war and the joy and relief of the 1918 armistice coupled with its bitter legacy.

The book is essentially one of correspondences, of rulers’ futile efforts to preserve a crumbling peace through telegrams and missals, of men writing the incredible news of a marvellous event to family back home. It is a story of failed attempts to establish communication and peace but also of the way in which the darkest of situations was pierced by a joyful and wondrous event that all who were present felt drawn to bear witness to in their letters to friends and family (one is struck by the many letters that repeatedly assure the reader that the events being described truly took place).

Snow’s book, however, is one that speaks of greater correspondences. Within the book, Snow seeks to bring the meaning of the first Christmas, the 1914 Christmas, and every other Christmas into the closest of relations. Interspersed with the letters are the full words of the Christmas hymns and carols which are mentioned. That one Christmas in 1914 becomes a window through which we are invited to see the meaning of every Christmas, as in a world where violence reigns and all human attempts at truce-making fail, God declares a freely given peace to frightened humanity, a peace that appears as a wonder beyond anything we could have expected or anticipated. The end of all wars was not achieved through the carnage of the Great War, but through God’s gift of a Son. Through his Son God ends hostilities between heaven and earth, sending the message of his goodwill towards us, opening up channels of communication that we had closed off.

Snow wants us to see ourselves in the shoes of the nervous British soldiers in the trenches, who hearing the invitation to lay down their arms and leave them are faced with a call to a faith that overcomes the fear of death and the assumption of its unchallenged reign, the courageous faith that enables us to forgo the path of violence. In the shared celebration of God’s peace-making gift of his Son, the soldiers discover each other as brothers and peace breaks out between them. To our cynical, world-weary, or disillusioned minds, the wonder and surprise of Christmas can evoke the same disbelief, incredulity, and suspicion that the huddled Tommies in the trenches initially felt. To all in such a position, Snow’s message is ‘It’s all true: come up and see!’

In a world scarred by perpetual warfare, an unofficial celebration of the Peace of God such as that which occurred in 1914 heralds another order, an order that, far from being characterized by sickly and escapist sentimentality, can be seen most sharply contoured against the backdrop of the merciless slaughter of innocents, the terrible violence of kings fearing the twilight of their empires, and the failing of men’s hearts in fear. It is an order that must be entered through faith, the laying down of our arms, and the dropping of our constant guard, in response to joyful tidings that confound all of our expectations.

A simple, short, and accessible work, Snow’s book helps to remind us of this very heart of the Christmas message.

I have a wishlist of possible books for review here. Although it may take me a little while to do so, I will review any book from it that someone buys for me.

Posted in My Reading, Reviews, What I'm Reading | 3 Comments

‘Year of Biblical Womanhood’ Review – Part 3

Welcome to the third part of the review of Rachel Held Evans’s A Year of Biblical Womanhood, within which we engage with chapters 7-9 of the book, following on from part 1 and part 2.

Listen here!

Listen to the other parts of the review here: Part 1Part 2Part 4Part 5

Posted in Audio, Bible, Controversies, Culture, Ethics, Guest Post, My Reading, Reviews, Sex and Sexuality, Theological, What I'm Reading | 33 Comments

Triggering and the Triggered in the American Conservative and some further thoughts

Visits to this blog have received something of a bump over the last couple of days, as both Steve Sailer and the American Conservative linked to a post of mine from a few months ago – On Triggering and the Triggered, Part 4. This sudden influx of attention, while not unwelcome, is certainly surprising. One does not expect old rambling posts of over 10,000 words to garner much attention, so it comes as something of a shock to see this piece resurfacing in such a public setting.

The piece was originally written to a very limited audience, in the context of a very particular debate that caused a lot of waves in a small corner of the Internet. It was part of a longer, multi-part attempt to reflect upon the shape of Christian discourse in an Internet age, taking that particular debate as its starting point. It was never completed, as I went on a long trip to the US before I could post the concluding parts.

The distance that my post has travelled from its original context and the manner in which its words have been harnessed in service of positions that are entirely alien from those I intended (I am not referring to the two sites mentioned above here), has served to underline for me the points that I made in the second post in the series, on the manner in which the Internet tends to dissolve context. I hope that the recognition of this dissolution of context will encourage us all to be more patient and charitable interpreters of the various words that we read online.

A number of readers have kindly observed that my writing is rather … well … long-winded. I would be the last to dispute this claim. It really is. I write my posts fairly rapidly and they seldom undergo much editing or sometimes even basic spell-checking before posting. I write primarily as a way of thinking through subjects out loud. Einstein once famously remarked that his pencil was smarter than he was. I feel the same way about my blog. My blog’s primary purpose is that of a thinking tool. Its secondary purpose is to communicate those thoughts to others. Were I writing in a more public forum, I can assure you that at least half of the dense mass of verbiage in my posts would be removed. What you read on this blog is my thought in its unexpurgated, raw form.

Writing at such brain-numbing length has certain advantages. It has been suggested that Nigerian 419 scammers include so much poor grammar and spelling and so many comical details in their e-mails precisely because they want to narrow their self-selecting pool of respondents. If they can write in such a manner that only the most gullible of persons would respond, they will have a far better rate of success for their scamming. Likewise, by writing at such tedious length, I ensure that only the most charitable and patient of readers will bother to engage. This suits me fine.

Within the posts I had strong criticisms for both sides. My purpose was not to side with one party over another, but to make a firm stand for gracious, non-reactive conversation, the sort of conversation that does not allow itself to be emotionally manipulated, but is also able to avoid the drives of anger, retaliation, self-justification, impatience, and malice.

Unfortunately, as I never finished the series, I never got to turn my attention fully to addressing the deep problems that I see in the sort of rhetorical approach adopted by Pastor Wilson and others supporting him to the situation, a sort of rhetorical approach that can prove no less effective at prematurely arresting conversation than the approach of those who were reacting to his statements. While there are times when conversation must be stopped, lines drawn, minds made up, conclusion reached, and judgments issued, my concern is that this not occur before the other party has actually been understood.

There is a way of participating in debate that is more concerned with proving oneself right in all matters and never admitting fault than it is with pursuing the truth. I know rather a lot about this fault myself as it is one that is deeply embedded in my own character: uprooting it isn’t easy.

The sort of gracious debate that I am advocating is one in which we are firm and uncompromising when it comes to the truth, but far less concerned about fighting to prove ourselves right. We should care much less about being misrepresented and, while we continue to bear witness to the truth, give a lot less attention to our own reputations, turning the other cheek to those who would malign us.

Acknowledgment of our failures and mistakes is also crucial. By being ready to admit where we have gotten things wrong, worded ourselves poorly, acted in an uncharitable manner, or misjudged our opponents, taking responsibility and apologizing is not weakness. The more responsibility that we are prepared to take for our words, the more weight that people will put on them. Constant fighting to prove ourselves right and to avoid taking responsibility for poor statements that we have made has the effect of devaluing our words, giving opponents the impression that we are more committed to our own infallibility than we are to the truth. Where our words have been seriously misjudged, the way that we respond can be crucial. Often the best course of action is to hold our peace and to allow our words to defend themselves, or to trust that fair-minded readers will do so for us.

My hope was to draw particular attention to the role played by those who are in a position to influence the thoughts and feelings of others and the shape of communities. Such leaders stand as those holding the first stone, or as the one holding the match that could ignite the firestorm. Leaders should be held to a far greater standard than others. On the Internet, many individuals with no official leadership office find themselves as the de facto leaders of significant communities, with the power to influence the thoughts and emotions of many thousands. My concern is that we hold such people – first of all ourselves – accountable for the way that we use this power.

Reactive leaders produce even more violently reactive communities. Self-righteous leaders produce communities impervious to correction. Emotionally manipulable leaders produce communities without nerve or character. Hostile leaders produce communities incapable of learning from and listening to those in the position of opponents.

James declares in his epistle: ‘[T]he tongue is a little member and boasts great things. See how great a forest a little fire kindles!’ If this was true in the first century, it is even more so in the age of the Internet. Careless and impulsive words can whip up wildfires that sweep around the globe in minutes. They can burn bridges, damage ministries, hurt vulnerable individuals, reopen old wounds, and poison friendships. The Internet is a vast array of raw nerves, of muddled and muddied contexts, of crossed wires, and different idioms. James 3 has never been such a significant passage. Learning to speak circumspectly, thoughtfully, responsibly, firmly, carefully, and with grace, learning to forgive and be forgiven, taking responsibility for our words, and resisting the urge to react or self-justify is the only way that we will safely navigate it.

If you are a new visitor to this site: welcome, it is great to have you here! If you are a regular, the next part of the podcast review of A Year of Biblical Womanhood should be posted soon, along with some other book reviews.

Posted in Controversies, Ethics, On the web, The Blogosphere, Theological | 6 Comments